Professor Sandy Cochran
Team Leader in Medical Ultrasound
e: Professor Sandy Cochran
Summary
Sandy Cochran, Professor of Biophysical Science and Engineering, holds a BSc in electronics and computing, an MBA, and a PhD from the University of Strathclyde. He worked in the Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering (1986 – 1989, 1996 – 2000), and in the Superconducting Devices Research Group, Department of Physics (1990 – 1995), at the University of Strathclyde before moving to the University of the West of Scotland (2000 – 2007) to set up a group working on Microscale Sensors with colleagues. He moved to IMSaT, University of Dundee, in 2007, where he is now Deputy Director and Team Leader in Ultrasound.

Prof. Cochran’s main research interests are focused on devices for ultrasound in medicine and life scientists. The ultrasound lab in IMSaT is the only one in the UK dedicated to medical ultrasound device design, fabrication and testing, and one of only a handful like it in the world. Topics of particular interest at present are new piezoelectric materials and better utilisation of existing materials, miniature devices for new applications and ultrahigh resolution imaging, focused ultrasound surgery and ultrasound-targeted drug delivery, and sonotweezer devices for manipulation of cells and particles.
Publication Summary
More than 200 publications in total: authorship of 3 book chapters; more than 50 refereed journal papers; more than 70 papers in conference proceedings; and around 100 conference presentations.
Research Funding Summary
As an independent research fellow/academic, Prof. Cochran has attracted more than £9M of research funding, £3.5M as Principal Investigator, principally in the area of piezoelectric devices for applications of ultrasound in medicine and life sciences.
Research Fellowships
  • BP/Royal Society of Edinburgh Research Fellow (1993 – 95) Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices for Non-destructive Testing
  • EPSRC Advanced Research Fellow (2000 – 5) Ultrasonic transducers with multiple active layers: concepts, design, manufacturing and testing
Exploitation and Commercialisation of Research
  • Co-inventor on eight patents/ patent applications.
  • Previously and presently involved in projects with approximately fifty small, medium and large companies in the USA, Far East, Europe and the UK. Projects include jointly-funded PhD studentships, three UK Teaching Company Scheme/Knowledge Transfer Partnership awards and joint Government/industry-funded research.
  • Applications Director, Applied Functional Materials Ltd,
  • Technical Director, Scottson Ltd.
  • Past chair of the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance Knowledge Transfer Team (www.supa.ac.uk)
Conference Organisation
  • Member of the Technical Programme Committee of the IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control Society, on-going.
  • Co-chair of Medical Symposium in Ultrasound Industry Association 2011 Symposium, Glasgow, May 2011
  • Member of the Local Organising Committee of the IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics, Edinburgh, 2010.
  • Organiser/chair of special session on "Related Technologies" at the British Conference on Nondestructive Testing, Harrogate, September 2005.
  • Co-organiser of the UK Ferroelectrics 2005 conference, Renfrew, April 2005 which attracted speakers from the USA, Korea, and China, as well as several European countries and the UK.
Invitations to Speak
Oct. 2010
"Future Integration of Silicon Electronics with Miniature Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducers and Arrays", IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, San Diego
Apr. 2010
Seminars delivered in China at: Chonqing University, Dalian University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shenzhen Institute of Advance Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin Medical University
Jan. 2010
"From powder to patient: research in medical ultrasound", InSightec, Haifa, Israel
Jan. 2010
"Energetic ultrasound: imaging isn’t everything" Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
Jun. 2009
"Medical ultrasound: better and better", School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
Sep. 2008
"Materials and Devices for Medical Ultrasound: Articulating Research Outcomes to Meet Clinical Needs", Materials Research Laboratory, Penn State University, PA, USA
Jun. 2008
"Advanced application-motivated design techniques for high performance piezocomposite underwater sonar transducers and arrays", Acoustics 2008, Paris, France
Apr. 2007
"New materials in piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers", Group Research Seminar, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
Apr. 2007
"A holistic approach to ultrahigh frequency ultrasonic arrays", 8th Annual Ultrasonic Transducer Conference, Los Angeles, USA
Feb. 2007
"Application-motivated adoption of new materials in piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers", PIEZO2007, Liberec, Czech Republic
May 2005
"Challenging Tonpilz: the viability of multilayer piezocomposites", School Research Seminar, Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University
Mar. 2005
"Present and future piezocomposite technology in underwater sonar transducers" UK Institute of Acoustics, 2005 Conf. on Sonar Transducers and Numerical Modelling, London
Dec. 2004
"Multilayer ultrasonic transducers: is the extra dimension worthwhile?" Departmental Research Seminar, Mechanical Engineering, University College London
Sep. 2004
"Ultrasonic transducers" Tutorial Presentation, Institute of Physics, Physical Acoustics Group Annual Meeting, London
Society Memberships
  • Fellow of the Institute of Physics (IoP), Chartered Physicist
  • Member of the Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET), Chartered Engineer
  • Member of the Insitute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
  • Member of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
  • Graduate Member of the British Institute of NDT (BINDT)
  • Past Member of the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA) Executive Committee (2005 - 9).
Peer Review
Peer reviewer for several international journals. Prof. Cochran reviews Final Grant Reports, Fellowship Reports and Grant Proposals for EPSRC and occasionally for other organisations, for example in the EU.
Honours and Distinctions
BINDT John Grimwade medal for best paper in the journal of the institute in 1996.
1986 IEE Prize for best Strathclyde University Graduate holding IEE membership
Research Collaborations
Joint research programmes, funded research, and/or publication with the following organisations:
  • Applied Functional Materials Ltd, Birmingham (Prof. T.W.Button, Managing Director)
  • Agilent Technologies Inc, Santa Clara, CA, USA (Dr G.Owen, Scientist)
  • ATLAS Elektronik Ltd, Dorchester, UK (Dr S.Tanner, Team Leader)
  • Blacknor Technology Ltd, Portland (Mr P.Doust, Managing Director)
  • Bioengineering Department, University of Strathclyde (Mr W.Spence, Lecturer/Prosthetist)
  • CNRS FEMTO-LPMO, Besançon, France (M. S.Ballandras, Team Leader)
  • Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Dundee (Dr C.Longbottom, Senior Lecturer)
  • Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (Mr R.Grigsby, DERA Bincleaves)
  • Diagnostic Sonar Ltd, Livingston (Mr D.Lines, Chief Engineer)
  • DoosanBabcock, Renfrew (Mr F.Hardie, Technology Manager)
  • Echosens (Dr S.Yon, Technology and Development Manager)
  • Electromechanical Engineering Group, University of Southampton (Prof. M.Hill, Research Group Leader)
  • EMC Centre (Paisley) Ltd (Mr J.Wilkinson, Director)
  • Envision Design Ltd, Brechin (Mr J.Marsh, Managing Director)
  • Fraunhofer IKTS, Dresden (Prof. Andreas Schonecker, Research Group Leader)
  • Functional Materials Group, University of Birmingham (Prof. T.W.Button, Research Group Leader)
  • GlaxoSmithKline Ltd, Stevenage (Dr C.Price, Research Group Leader)
  • Greater Glasgow Health Board, Glasgow (Dr M.J.Watson, Anaesthetist)
  • Imasonic SA, Besançon, France (M. G.Fleury, President)
  • Institute of Cancer Research / Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London (Dr J.Bamber, Research Group Leader)
  • Institute of Photonics, University of Strathclyde (Prof. J.Girkin, Associate Director)
  • Loadpoint Ltd, Cricklade, Swindon (Mr J.Sweet, Managing Director)
  • Logitech Ltd, Old Kilpatrick (Mr J.McAneny, Development Manager)
  • Materials Research Laboratory, Penn State University (Prof. S.Trolier-McKinstry, Director)
  • Medical Diagnostic Devices and Instrumentation, University of Strathclyde (Prof. T.Gourlay)
  • Microsystems Engineering Centre, Heriot-Watt University (Prof. M.Desmulliez, Research Group Leader)
  • Microsystems Technology Group, University of Glasgow (Prof. D.Cumming, Research Group Leader)
  • NDT Research Group, University of Bristol (Dr B.Drinkwater, Research Group Leader)
  • Ninewells Hospital, Dundee (Dr G.Corner, Consultant Physicist; Dr G.MacLeod, Anaesthetist; Dr E.Henry, Gastroenterologist)
  • Piezo Composite Transducers Ltd, Aberdeen (Mr M.P.Walsh, Managing Director)
  • Precision Acoustics Ltd, Dorchester (Dr A.Hurrell, Chief Scientist/Engineer)
  • QinetiQ, Winfrith/Farnborough (Dr S.Tanner/Dr R.Smith, Technology Chiefs)
  • Queens University, Belfast, Nanostructure Media Division (Dr R.Bowman, Senior Lecturer)
  • Scottish Health Innovations Ltd, Glasgow (Dr C.Macdonald, Chief Executive)
  • Institute of Advanced Integration Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, China (Dr Z.Wu, Associate Professor)
  • Stable Microsystems Ltd, Godalming (Dr L.Young, Technologist)
  • Tritech International Ltd, Aberdeen (Mr R.Wright, Technical Director)
  • Weidlinger Associates Inc., Mountain View, CA (Dr P.Reynolds, Associate)
  • Zonare Inc., Mountain View, CA (Dr G.McLaughlin, VP Engineering / CTO)
Journal Papers
  1. G.Hayward, A.McNab and A.Cochran, "A new ultrasonic array structure for fixed condition monitoring in solid media", Ultrasonics (1989) 210 – 220.
  2. A.McNab, A.Cochran and M.A.Campbell, "The calculation of acoustic fields in solids for transient normal surface force sources of arbitrary geometry and apodization", J. Acoust. Soc. Am. (1990) 1455 – 1465.
  3. J.R.Buckley, N.Khare, G.B.Donaldson, A.Cochran and Z.Hui, "Use of a bulk high Tc magnetometer for non-destructive evaluation", IEEE Trans. Mag (1991) 3051 - 3054.
  4. A.Cochran, A.McNab and G.Hayward, "Flaw monitoring using ultrasonic arrays in situ", Brit. J. NDT (1991) 495 - 505.
  5. G.B.Donaldson, R.M.Bowman, A.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, J.C.Macfarlane and C.M.Pegrum, "Progress in high-Tc magnetic sensors and their applications", Physica Scripta (1992) 34 - 40
  6. R.M.Bowman, J.C.Macfarlane, A.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, C.M.Pegrum and G.B.Donaldson, "Assessment of HTS step edge thin film RF SQUIDs for NDT", Supercond. Sci. Technol. (1993) 91 - 95.
  7. A.Cochran, L.N.C.Morgan, R.M.Bowman, K.J.Kirk and G.B.Donaldson, "SQUID systems for non-destructive testing by AC field mapping", IEEE Trans. Appl. Superconductivity (1993) 1926 - 1929
  8. K.J.Kirk, G.B.Donaldson, R.M.Bowman and A.Cochran, "Hysteretic YBa2Cu3O7-x-Au-YBa2Cu3O7-x proximity effect Josephson junctions", IEEE Trans. Appl. Superconductivity (1993) 2393 - 2396
  9. A.Cochran, G.B.Donaldson, L.N.C.Morgan, R.M.Bowman and K.J.Kirk, "SQUIDs for NDT: the technology and its capabilities", Brit.J.NDT (1993) 173 - 182
  10. A.Cochran, G.B.Donaldson, S.Evanson and R.J.P.Bain, "First generation SQUID-based non-destructive testing system", IEE Proc. A (1993) 113 - 120
  11. A.Cochran, J.C.Macfarlane, L.N.C.Morgan, J.Kuznik, R.Weston, L.Hao, R.M.Bowman and G.B.Donaldson, "Using a 77K SQUID to measure magnetic fields for NDE", IEEE Trans. Appl. Superconductivity (1994) 128 135
  12. L.N.C.Morgan, C.Carr, A.Cochran, D.McA.McKirdy and G.B.Donaldson, "Electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation with simple HTS SQUIDs: measurements and modelling", IEEE Trans. Appl. Superconductivity (1995) 3127 - 3130
  13. K.J.Kirk, I.Cornwell, A.McNab, A.Cochran and G.Hayward, "An array-based system for monitoring cracks in industrial plant at high temperatures", Insight (Brit. J. NDT) (1996) 722 - 727
  14. C.Carr, A.Cochran, J.Kuznik, D.McA.McKirdy and G.B.Donaldson, "Electronic gradiometry for NDE in an unshielded environment with stationary and moving HTS SQUIDs", Cryogenics (1996) 691 - 695
  15. U.Klein, M.E.Walker, A.Cochran, D.Hutson, G.Lang, R.G.Weston and C.M.Pegrum, "A numerical and experimental investigation of planar asymmetric SQUID Gradiometer characteristics", Supercond. Sci. Technol. (1996) A124 - A128
  16. M.E.Walker, H.Nakane, A.Cochran, R.G.Weston, U.Klein, C.M.Pegrum and G.B.Donaldson, "Unshielded use of thin-film Nb dc superconducting quantum interference devices and integrated asymmetric gradiometers for nondestructive evaluation", Appl. Phys. Lett. (1997) 131 - 133.
  17. A.Cochran, P.Reynolds and G.Hayward, "Progress in stacked piezocomposite ultrasonic transducers for low frequency applications", Ultrasonics (1997) 969 - 977.
  18. U.Klein, M.E.Walker, C.Carr, D.McA.McKirdy, C.M.Pegrum, G.B.Donaldson, A.Cochran and H.Nakane, "Integrated low-temperature superconductor SQUID gradiometers for nondestructive evaluation", IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. (1997) 3037 - 3039
  19. C.Carr, D.McA.McKirdy, E.J.Romans, G.B.Donaldson and A.Cochran, "Electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation: moving HTS SQUIDs, inducing field nulling and dual frequency measurements", IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. (1997) 3275 - 3278
  20. M.E.Walker, G.Lang, U.Klein, C.M.Pegrum, G.B.Donaldson and A.Cochran, "Spatial response of symmetric and asymmetric planar SQUID gradiometers", IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. (1997) 3220 - 3223
  21. A.McNab, K.J.Kirk and A.Cochran, "Ultrasonic transducers for high temperature applications", IEE Proc.- Sci. Meas. Technol. (1998) 229 - 236
  22. K.J.Kirk, A.McNab, A.Cochran, I.D.Hall and G.Hayward, "Ultrasonic arrays for monitoring cracks in industrial plant at high temperatures", IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr. (1999) 311 – 319.
  23. G.Shepherd, A.Cochran, K.J.Kirk and A.McNab, "1-3 connectivity composite material made from lithium niobate and cement for ultrasonic condition monitoring at elevated temperatures", Ultrasonics (2002) 223 - 226
  24. D.Robertson and S.Cochran, "Experimental investigation of alternative pre-stress components for a 3-1 connectivity multilayer piezoelectric-polymer composite ultrasonic transducer", Ultrasonics 40 (1-8) (2002) 913 – 919
  25. K.J.Kirk, C.K.Lee, S.Cochran, A.McNab and G.Shepherd "Condition monitoring with ultrasonic arrays at elevated temperatures" Insight (Brit. J. NDT) (2003) 130 – 133
  26. A.Abrar and S.Cochran "Multilayer piezocomposite structures with piezoceramic volume fractions determined by mathematical optimisation" Ultrasonics (2004) 259 – 265
  27. P.Marin-Franch, S.Cochran and K.Kirk "Progress towards ultrasound applications of new single crystal materials", J.Mat.Sci. (2004) 715 - 720
  28. A. Abrar, D.Zhang, B.Su, T.W.Button, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran "1-3 connectivity piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite transducers made with viscous polymer processing for high frequency ultrasound" Ultrasonics (2004) 479 – 484
  29. D.Zhang, B.Su, T.W.Button, A.Abrar, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran "Piezoelectric 1-3 Composites for High Frequency Ultrasonic Transducer Applications" Ferroelectrics (2004) 1031 – 1035
  30. N.Schmarje, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran "Imaging with lithium niobate / epoxy composites" Ultrasonics (2004) 439 – 442
  31. C.K.Lee, F.Placido, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran "Aluminium nitride thin films deposited by room-temperature sputtering for ultrasonic applications" Ultrasonics (2004) 485 – 490
  32. K.J.Kirk, N. Schmarje and S. Cochran "Lithium niobate piezocomposite phased arrays operating at high temperatures", Insight (Brit. J. NDT) (2004) 662 – 665
  33. P.Marin-Franch, I.Pettigrew, M.Parker, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran "Piezocrystal - Polymer Composites: New Materials for Transducers for Ultrasonic NDT", Insight (Brit. J. NDT) (2004) 653 – 657
  34. K.J.Kirk, C.K.Lee and S.Cochran "Ultrasonic thin film transducers for high-temperature NDT" Insight (Brit. J. NDT) (2005) 85 – 87
  35. S.Cochran, P.Marin-Franch, D.Choi, M.P.Walsh and K.J.Kirk, "Present and future piezocomposite technology in underwater sonar transducers" Proc. Inst. Acoust. vol. 27 (1) (2005) 1 - 13(invited)
  36. G.McRobbie, Z.Wu and S.Cochran, "Characterisation and modelling of multilayer ultrasonic transducers with non-uniform bondlines" Elec. Lett. (2005) 880 - 881
  37. N.Schmarje, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran "Comparison of y/36°-cut and z-cut lithium niobate composites for high temperature ultrasonic applications" NDT&E (2005) 77 – 87
  38. I.G.Pettigrew, D.I.A.Lines, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran, "Investigating post-processing of phased array data for detection and sizing capabilities using incoherent compounding" Insight (Brit. J. NDT) (2006) 228 – 232
  39. K.Streibel, S.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, D.R.S.Cumming, L.Wang and J.Wallace, "2D ultrasonic arrays with low-voltage operation for high density electronics" Insight (Brit. J. NDT) (2006) 94 – 96
  40. S.Cochran "Fundamentals of ultrasonics phased arrays" Insight (Brit. J. NDT) (2006) 212 – 217 (invited)
  41. N.Schmarje, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran "1-3 connectivity lithium niobate composites for high temperature operation" Ultrasonics 47 (1 – 4) (2007) 15 - 22
  42. A.Abrar and S.Cochran "Mathematical optimisation of multilayer piezoelectric devices with non-uniform layer thicknesses by simulated annealing" IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelect. Freq. Cont. (2007) 1920 – 1929.
  43. S.Triger, J.Wallace, L.Wang, D.R.S.Cumming, J-F.Saillant, F.Afroukh and S.Cochran, "A modular FPGA-based ultrasonic array system for applications including non-destructive testing", Insight (Brit. J. NDT), 50 (2) (2008) 74 - 77
  44. F.Rollet, M.Mansell and S.Cochran, "Determining moisture content in concrete under simulated precipitation using ultrasound propagation" NDT&E 23 (4) (2008) 241 - 255
  45. Z.Wu, S.Cochran and A.Hurrell, "Material parameter variations of lead metaniobate piezoceramic in elevated temperature applications", Electronics Lett. 44 (15) (2008) 940 - 941
  46. Z.Wu and S.Cochran "Characterisation of self-heating effects on multilayer ultrasonic transducers with adhesive bondlines" Elec. Lett. 44 (22) (2008) 1333 – 1334
  47. D.A.Hughes, J.M.Girkin, S.Poland, C.Longbottom, T.W.Button, J.Elgoyhen, H.Hughes, C.Meggs, S.Cochran, "Investigation of dental samples using a 35 MHz focussed ultrasound piezocomposite transducer", Ultrasonics 49 (2) (2009) 212 - 218
  48. J.H.Sweet, D.Hutson, S.Cochran and A.L.Bernassau, "Concepts and Issues in Piezo-on-3D Silicon Structures", Sensor Review, 29 (4) (2009) 326 - 332
  49. A.L.Bernassau, D.Hutson, C.E.M.Démoré, D.Flynn, F.Amalou, J. Parry, J.McAneny, T.W.Button, M.P.Y. Desmulliez, S.Cochran, "Progress towards wafer-scale fabrication of ultrasound arrays for real-time high-resolution biomedical imaging", Sensor Review 29 (4) (2009) 333 – 338
  50. S.Marri, G.A.McLeod, C.Oliver, S.Cochran, G.A.Corner, "Ultrasound imaging of the course of the sciatic nerve", Brit. J. Anaesthesia 103 (2) (2009) 323 - 324
  51. S.Marri, G.A.McLeod, C.Oliver, S.Cochran, G.A.Corner, "Ultrasound imaging of the lumber plexus", Brit. J. Anaesthesia 103 (2) (2009) 324
  52. Z.Wu and S.Cochran, "Loss effects on adhesively-bonded multilayer ultrasonic transducers by self-heating", Ultrasonics 50 (4 – 5) (2010) 508 - 511
  53. S.Triger, J-F.Saillant, C.E.M.Démoré, S.Cochran and D.R.S.Cumming, "Low Voltage Coded Excitation Utilizing a Miniaturized Integrated Ultrasound System Employing Piezoelectric 2-D Arrays", IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelect. Freq. Contr. (2010) 57 (2) 353 – 362
  54. G.McLeod, R.Eisma, A.Schwab, G.A.Corner, R.Soames and S.Cochran, "An evaluation of the Thiel embalmed cadavers for ultrasound based regional anaesthesia training and research", Ultrasound (2010) 18 125 - 129
  55. L. García-Gancedo, S.M.Olhero, T.W.Button, D.Zhang, C. Meggs, C.E.M.Démoré and S. Cochran, "Application of gelcasting to the fabrication of ultrafine-scale pillar arrays for high frequency biomedical ultrasonic transducers" submitted to Electroceramics (2009), accepted subject to revision
Book Chapters
  1. G.B.Donaldson, A.Cochran and R.M.Bowman, "More SQUID applications", in The New Superconducting Electronics (1993) 181 – 220.
  2. G.B.Donaldson, A.Cochran and D.McA.McKirdy, "The use of SQUIDs for nondestructive evaluation", in The New Superconducting Electronics (1996) 599 – 628.
Conference Papers
  1. A.Cochran, D.Reilly, G.Hayward and A.McNab, "Beam forming in solids using monolithic ultrasonic arrays", Proc. 1989 IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., Canada (1989) 695 - 698
  2. A.McNab, G.Hayward and A.Cochran, "Monolithic ultrasonic arrays for accurate flaw sizing", Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on NDE in the Nuclear and Pressure Vessel Industries, Scotland (1990)
  3. G.B.Donaldson, J.C.Macfarlane, J.R.Buckley, A.Cochran and R.M.Bowman, "Application prospects for high Tc magnetic sensors", Proc. Future Electron Devices Conf., Japan (1991)
  4. A.Cochran and G.B.Donaldson, "Improved techniques for structural NDT using SQUIDs", in Superconducting Devices and Their Applications: Proc.SQUID'91, Germany (1992) 576 - 580
  5. R.M.Bowman, J.C.Macfarlane, A.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, C.M.Pegrum and G.B.Donaldson, "MgO step edge thin film RF SQUIDs with potential applications in NDE", Proc. 3rd Int. Superconductive Electronics Conf., Scotland (1991)
  6. G.B.Donaldson, A.Cochran and L.N.C.Morgan, "Recent progress using SQUIDs for non-contact NDE", Proc. IEE Colloquium, England (1992)
  7. G.B.Donaldson, A.Cochran, L.N.C.Morgan and J.C.Macfarlane, "Recent progress in the application of SQUIDs to NDE", Applied Superconductivity 1993 (1993)
  8. J.Kuznik, D.Hatrick, A.Meek, A.Cochran, L.Hao, L.N.C.Morgan, J.C.Macfarlane and G.B.Donaldson, "Noise and flux creep in bi-epitaxial SQUIDs: Mr SQUID on trial", Proc. 4th Int. Superconductive Electronics Conf., England (1993)
  9. J.Kuznik, C.Carr, A.Cochran, L.N.C.Morgan and G.B.Donaldson, "First order electronic gradiometry with simple HTS SQUIDs and optimised electronics", Applied Superconductivity 1995 (1995) 1499 - 1502
  10. A.Cochran, J.Kuznik, C.Carr, L.N.C.Morgan and G.B.Donaldson, "Experimental results in non-destructive evaluation with HTS SQUIDs", Applied Superconductivity 1995 (1995) 1511 - 1514
  11. D.McA.McKirdy, A.Cochran, A.McNab and G.B.Donaldson,"Using SQUIDs to solve some current problems in eddy current testing", Applied Superconductivity 1995 (1995) 1515 - 1518
  12. M.E.Walker, A.Cochran, U.Klein, R.J.P.Bain and G.B.Donaldson, "Modelled Response of Planar Asymmetric Gradiometers", Applied Superconductivity 1995 (1995) 1597-1600
  13. U.Klein, M.E.Walker, A.Cochran, D.Hutson, R.G.Weston and C.M.Pegrum, "Experimental characterisation of planar SQUID gradiometers in niobium technology", Applied Superconductivity 1995 (1995) 1633 - 1636
  14. G.B.Donaldson, A.Cochran, J.Kuznik, D.McA.McKirdy and C.Carr, "Progress in the use of SQUIDs for Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation" Proc. Int. Superconductivity Symp., Japan (1995)
  15. U.Klein, M.E.Walker, A.Cochran, D.Hutson, R.G.Weston and C.M.Pegrum, "Simulation and Experimental Characterisation of Planar Asymmetric SQUID Gradiometers", Proc. 5th Int. Superconductive Electronics Conf. Japan (1995)
  16. A.Cochran, C.Carr, D.McA.McKirdy, M.E.Walker, A.McNab, U.Klein, J.Kuznik and G.B.Donaldson, "Recent progress in SQUIDS as sensors for electromagnetic NDE", Nondestructive Testing of Materials (1995) 53 - 64
  17. D.McA.McKirdy, A.Cochran, A.McNab and G.B.Donaldson, "Theoretical consideration of fatigue crack detection and characterisation using SQUID sensors", Nondestructive Testing of Materials (1995) 185 - 194
  18. D.McA.McKirdy, A.Cochran, A.McNab and G.B.Donaldson, "Forward and inverse processing in electromagnetic NDE using SQUIDs", Rev. Prog. Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation 15 (1996) 347 - 354
  19. A.Cochran, D.McA.McKirdy, A.McNab, M.E.Walker, U.Klein, C.Carr, J.Kuznik and G.B.Donaldson, "Advances in the theory and practice of SQUID NDE", Rev. Prog. Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation 15 (1996) 1151 - 1158
  20. A.McNab, G.Hayward, A.Cochran, I.D.Hall, K.J.Kirk, "Ultrasonic arrays for flaw characterisation at high temperature", Rev. Prog. Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation 16 (1997) 943-950
  21. A.Cochran, P.Reynolds and G.Hayward, "Multilayer piezocomposite transducers for applications of low frequency ultrasound", Proc. 1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium (1997) 1013 - 1016
  22. D.Atkinson, G.Hayward and A.Cochran, "Propagation of ultrasound along fibres for the nondestructive testing of plates", Proc. 1997 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium (1997) 797 - 800
  23. A.Cochran, V.Murray and G.Hayward, "Multilayer piezocomposite ultrasonic transducers operating below 50 kHz", Proc. 1999 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium (1999) 953 – 956.
  24. S.Cochran, J.Earnshaw, B.Bargain and K.J.Kirk, "Extending the synthetic aperture focusing algorithm to deal with flat and curved features in NDT", Proc. 2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium (2002) 811 - 814
  25. C.K.Lee, F.Placido, S.Cochran and K.J.Kirk, "Growth of sputtered AlN thin film on glass in room temperature", Proc. 2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium (2002) 1090 - 1093
  26. A.Abrar and S.Cochran, "Mathematical optimisation of multilayer piezoelectric devices with nonuniform layer thicknesses by simulated annealing", Proc. 2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium (2002) 1175 - 1178
  27. S.Cochran, J.Earnshaw, B.Bargain and K.J.Kirk "An enhanced imaging algorithm for flat and curved features using synthetic aperture focusing data", NDT 2002 Conference Proc. (2002) 181 - 186
  28. S.Cochran, D.Hutchins, T.H.Gan, J.Berriman and M.P.Walsh, "Ultrasound measurements in concrete with piezocomposite transducers and real-time wideband correlation for signal enhancement", NDT 2002 Conference Proc. (2002) 313 – 318
  29. N.Schmarje, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran, "Lithium niobate composites for high temperature NDT", Proc. 2003 Brit. Conf. NDT, Worcester, UK (2003) 207 - 212
  30. S.Cochran and K.J.Kirk, "Medical ultrasound transducers – relevant to NDT?", Proc. 2003 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Worcester, UK (2003) 215 - 220 (invited)
  31. S.Ricciardi, E.Asemota, A.Skea and S.Cochran, "A practical system to explore linear FM signals in ultrasonic NDT", Proc. 2003 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Worcester, UK (2003) 175 - 180
  32. Z.Wu, A.Abrar, G.McRobbie, S.Gallagher and S.Cochran, "Implementation of multilayer ultrasonic transducer structures with optimised non-uniform layer thicknesses", Proc. 2003 IEEE Internat. Ultrason. Symp., Hawaii, USA (2003) 1292 - 1295
  33. J.F.Saillant, S. Cochran, R. Berriet, K.J.Kirk and G.Fleury, "Multilayer 1-3 piezocomposites – theoretical and experimental study of pillar misalignment", Proc. 2003 IEEE Internat. Ultrason. Symp., Hawaii, USA (2003) 2007 - 2010
  34. G McRobbie, Z Ling, Z Wu, S Cochran, and F Clark "Solutions to the Vibrating Membrane Problem", Proc. 11th International ANSYS Users Conf., Pittsburgh, USA (2004)
  35. A.Abrar, D.Choi, S.Cochran, K.Kirk, P.Marin-Franch, A.Skea, M.P.Walsh and Z.Wu, "Piezocomposite Transducers for Operation in 15–25 kHz Range" Proc. 2004 IEEE Internat. Ultrason. Symp., Montreal, Canada (2004) 1643 - 1646
  36. J.F. Saillant, S. Cochran, R. Berriet, K. Kirk and G. Fleury "The Effect Of Pillar Misalignment On The Underwater Performance Of High Frequency Multilayer 1-3 Piezocomposite Transducers With Acoustic Matching And Backing Layers", Proc. 2004 IEEE Internat. Ultrason. Symp., Montreal, Canada (2004) 630 - 633
  37. S.Cochran, D.Zhang, N.Porch, T.W.Button, B.Su, C.Meggs, A.Abrar and K.J.Kirk, "Net Shape Ceramic Processing As A Route To Ultrafine Scale 1-3 Connectivity Piezoelectric Ceramic-Polymer Composite Transducers", Proc. 2004 IEEE Internat. Ultrason. Symp., Montreal, Canada (2004) 1682 - 1685
  38. P.Marin-Franch, F.Dubois, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran, "Piezocrystal - Polymer Composites: New Materials for Transducers for Ultrasonic NDT", Proc. 2004 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Torquay, UK (2004) 109 - 114
  39. S Cochran and K J Kirk, "Modelling of piezocomposites for NDT arrays", Proc. 2004 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Torquay, UK (2004) 97 - 101
  40. E.Asemota, S.Gallagher, B.Lees and S.Cochran "Towards automatic ultrasonic data interpretation" Proc. 2004 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Torquay, UK (2004) 103 - 107
  41. Z.Wu, G.McRobbie, S.Cochran, E.M.Knox and S.Gallagher "Finite element analysis of bondline effects on multilayer ultrasonic transducers" Proc. NAFEMS World Congress 2005, Malta (2005)
  42. S.Cochran, M.Parker and P.Marin-Franch "Ultrabroadband single crystal composite transducers for underwater ultrasound" Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2005, Rotterdam, (2005) 231 - 234
  43. K.Streibel, S.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, D.R.S.Cumming, L.Wang and J.Wallace "Low voltage operation of 2D ultrasonic arrays for NDT" Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2005, Rotterdam (2005) 182 - 185
  44. Z.Wu, S.Cochran, G.McRobbie and K.J.Kirk "Nondestructive and destructive investigation of bondlines for high-power multilayer ultrasonic transducers for underwater sonar" Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2005, Rotterdam (2005) 2219 - 2222
  45. J.McPhillips, T.B.Adams, N.J.Donnelly, D.Cornez, S.Lapp, A.Abrar, J.M.Gregg, R.M.Bowman, G.McRobbie, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran "Resonant electromechanical device fabrication with new thin film materials" Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2005, Rotterdam, (2005) 1812 - 1815
  46. T.W.Button, S.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, D.MacLennan, A.MacNeil, K.McDonald, C.Meggs, D.Rodriquez-Sanmartin, R.Webster and D.Zhang "Net-shape ceramic manufacturing as an aid to realize ultrasonic transducers for high-resolution medical imaging" Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2005, Rotterdam (2005) 1625 - 1628
  47. M.F.Parker, S.Cochran, P.Marin-Franch, D.Choi and M.P.Walsh "Material property variation as a factor in commercial adoption of piezocrystals for composite transducer manufacture", Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2005, Rotterdam (2005) 1913 - 1916
  48. F.Rollet, S.Cochran and M.Mansell "Novel method to determine moisture content in concrete using ultrasound propagation NDE under a simulated precipitation" Proc. 2005 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Harrogate, UK (2005) 424 – 433
  49. I.Pettigrew, D.I.A.Lines, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran "Investigation of crack sizing using ultrasonic phased arrays with signal processing techniques" Proc. 2005 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Harrogate, UK (2005) 150 – 160
  50. K.Streibel, S.Cochran, K.Kirk, D.Cumming, L.Wang and J.Wallace "Ultrasonic arrays for low voltage operation with integrated electronics" Proc. 2005 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Harrogate, UK (2005) 142 – 149
  51. K.Streibel, S.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, D.R.S.Cumming, L.Wang and J.Wallace "2d ultrasonic arrays based on piezocomposites for non-destructive testing" Proc. Institute of Acoustics, Southampton, UK vol. 28 (2006)
  52. D.MacLennan, S.Cochran, T.W.Button, H.Hughes, M.Ponting and J.Sweet, "Ultra precision grinding in the fabrication of high frequency piezocomposite ultrasonic transducers", Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2006, Vancouver (2006) 2353 - 2356
  53. H.Mulvana, M.F.Parker, S.Cochran, B. Spence and S. Solomonidis "Technique for automatic characterisation of an amputee’s residual limb" , Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2006, Vancouver (2006) 2088 - 2091
  54. S.Triger, J.-F.Saillant, J.Wallace, F.Afroukh, L.Wang, S.Cochran and D.R.S.Cumming, "MOSAIC: a scalable reconfigurable 2D array system for NDT", Rev. Prog. Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Golden, CO, USA, Vol 27B (2007) pp. 1622-1629
  55. A.L.Bernassau, S.McKay, D.Hutson, C.E.M.Demoré, L.Garcia-Gancedo, T.W.Button, J.J.McAneny and S.Cochran, "Surface Preparation of 1-3 Piezocomposite Material for Microfabrication of High Frequency Transducer Arrays" Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2007, New York (2007) 96 – 99
  56. C.E.M.Démoré, S.Cochran and P.Reynolds, "Investigation of element cross talk in arrays using 1-3 piezocomposite substrates" Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2007, New York (2007) 187 – 190
  57. D.A.Hughes, T.W.Button, S.Cochran, J.Elgoyhen, J.M.Girkin, H.Hughes, C.Longbottom, C.Meggs and S.Poland, "3D Imaging of Teeth using High Frequency Ultrasound", Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2007, New York (2007) 327 - 330
  58. D. Cornez, S. Lapp, S. Cochran, K.J. Kirk, "Acoustical Parameters Characterisation of Aluminium Nitride Thin Film BAW Resonators using Resonant Spectrum Approach", Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2007, New York (2007) 1437 – 1440
  59. D.MacLennan, J.Elgoyhen, T.W.Button, C.E.M.Démoré, H.Hughes, C.Meggs and S.Cochran, "Properties and Application-oriented Performance of High Frequency Piezocomposite Ultrasonic Transducers", Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2007, New York (2007) 100 – 103
  60. M.F.Wallace, H.Mulvana, P.Marin, K.Mayne, M.P.Walsh, R.Wright, R.Marsh, B.Spence, S.Solomonidis and S.Cochran, "Parametric Array Design and Characterisation for Underwater Sonar and Medical Strain Imaging Applications", Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2007, New York (2007) 305 – 308
  61. J-F.Saillant, S.Cochran, S.Ballandras, R.Berriet and G.Fleury, "Theoretical effects of epoxy interlayer bonds in multilayer piezoelectric transducers", Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2007, New York (2007) 191 – 194
  62. M.F.Wallace, S.Cochran, P.Marin, K.Mayne, M.P.Walsh, R.Wright and R.Marsh, "Effects of Increasing Environmental Temperature on the Practical Performance of PMN-PT and PZN-PT Single Crystals", Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2007, New York (2007) 296 – 299
  63. R. A. Webster, T. W. Button, C. Meggs, D.MacLennan and S.Cochran, "Passive Materials for High Frequency Ultrasound Components", Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2007, New York (2007) 1925 – 1928
  64. S.Cochran, G.A.Corner, K.J.Kirk, D.I.A.Lines and M.J.Watson, "Design and Validation of an Ultrasound Array Optimised for Epidural Needle Guidance", Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2007, New York (2007) 2255 – 2258
  65. S.Triger, J.Wallace, J.-F.Saillant, S.Cochran and D.R.S.Cumming, "MOSAIC: An Integrated Ultrasonic 2D Array System", Proc. Int. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2007, New York (2007) 1021 – 1024
  66. J-F.Saillant, S.Cochran, S.Triger, J.Wallace, D.Cumming, "Transducer array for integration with miniature electronics for NDT", 2007 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Glasgow, UK (2007)
  67. S.Triger, J.Wallace, L.Wang, S.Cochran, J-F.Saillant, F.Afroukh and D.R.S.Cumming, "A modular FPGA-based ultrasonic array system for applications including non-destructive testing", 2007 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Glasgow, UK (2007)
  68. P.Reynolds, J-F.Saillant and S.Cochran, "Modelling wave propagation over long distances underwater with pseudospectral techniques", Proc. Int. Conf. Detection and Characterization of Underwater Targets, Edinburgh, UK (2007) (reviewed)
  69. M.F.Parker, S.Cochran, P.Marin, K.Mayne, M.P.Walsh, R.Wright and R.Marsh, "Improved transducer performance with new piezoelectric materials for underwater imaging" Proc. Int. Conf. Detection and Characterization of Underwater Targets, Edinburgh, UK (2007) (reviewed)
  70. J-F.Saillant, F.Afroukh, S.Cochran, S.Triger, J.Wallace, L.Wang and D.Cumming, "MOSAIC: A scalable, modular system for underwater ultrasonic imaging" Proc. Int. Conf. Detection and Characterization of Underwater Targets, Edinburgh, UK (2007) (reviewed)
  71. A.L.Bernassau, J.J.McAneny, T.McGroggan, T.W.Button, H.Hughes, C.Meggs and S.Cochran, "Comparison of Wax and Wax-free Mounting of Irregular Piezocomposite Materials for Thinning for High-frequency Medical Devices", Proc. Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference 2008, Cambridge, MA, USA (2008) 100 – 104
  72. A.L.Bernassau, D.Hutson, C.E.M.Démoré, S.Cochran, "Characterisation of an epoxy composite filler suitable for microfabrication processes", IEEE Int. Ultrason. Symp., Beijing, China (2008) 62 - 65
  73. D.MacLennan, C.E.M.Démoré, G.A.Corner, T.W.Button, J.Elgoyhen, H.Hughes, C.Meggs, S.Cochran, "Fundamental Performance Characterisation of High Frequency Piezocomposites made with Net-shape Viscous Polymer Processing for Medical Ultrasound Transducers", IEEE Int. Ultrason. Symp., Beijing, China (2008) 58 - 61
  74. A.L.Bernassau, T.W.Button, K.Choi, S.Cochran, C.E.M.Démoré, L.Garcia-Gancedo, D.Hutson, T.N.Jackson, H.Kim, I.Kim, C.Meggs, S.Trolier-McKinstry, and R.L.Tutwiler, "Operation of a High Frequency Piezoelectric Ultrasound Array with an Application Specific Integrated Circuit", to be published in Proc. IEEE Int. Ultrason. Symp., Rome, Italy (2009)
  75. C.Démoré, L.Garcia-Gancedo, F.Dauchy, T.W.Button, S.Cochran and J.C.Bamber, "1-3 Piezocomposite Design Optimised for High Frequency Kerfless Transducer Arrays" Proc. IEEE Int. Ultrason. Symp., Rome, Italy (2009) 1142 - 5
  76. D.A Hughes, C. Longbottom, J.M. Girkin and S. Cochran, "Focussed Ultrasound for Early Detection of Tooth Decay" to be published in Proc. IEEE Int. Ultrason. Symp., Rome, Italy (2009)
  77. C.E.M.Démoré, A.L.Bernassau, N.Bush, L.Garcia-Gancedo, F.Dauchy, D.Hutson, T.W.Button, J.C.Bamber and S.Cochran, "Functional Characterisation of High Frequency Arrays based on Micro-moulded 1-3 Piezocomposites" to be published in Proc. IEEE Int. Ultrason. Symp., Rome, Italy (2009)
  78. A.L.Bernassau, D.Flynn, F.Amalou, M.P.Y.Desmulliez and S.Cochran, "Techniques for Wirebond Free Interconnection of Piezoelectric Ultrasound Arrays Operating Above 50 MHz" to be published in Proc. IEEE Int. Ultrason. Symp., Rome, Italy (2009)
Conference Presentations
  1. A.Cochran, G.Hayward and A.McNab, "Ultrasonic arrays applied to condition monitoring of solids", Ultrasonics International ‘89, Spain (1989)
  2. A.Cochran and G.B.Donaldson, "An investigation of SQUIDs for nondestructive testing", Int. Workshop on Remote Sensing with SQUIDs, Scotland (1991)
  3. A.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, R.M.Bowman, G.B.Donaldson and C.M.Pegrum, "High Tc SQUIDs on stepped and grooved substrates", Condensed Matter and Material Physics, England (1991)
  4. L.N.C.Morgan, A.Cochran, D.McA.McKirdy, C.Carr and G.B.Donaldson, "Applications of the electromagnetic finite element method in SQUID-based non-destructive evaluation", IEEE Applied Superconductivity Conference, USA (1994)
  5. C.Carr, A.Cochran, L.N.C.Morgan, D.McA.McKirdy and G.B.Donaldson, "Electromagnetic non-destructive evaluation with simple HTS SQUIDs", IEEE Applied Superconductivity Conference, USA (1994)
  6. C.Carr, L.N.C.Morgan, A.Cochran and D.McA.McKirdy, "HTS SQUIDs: a comparison between working in screened and unscreened environments", Condensed Matter and Material Physics, England (1994)
  7. A.Cochran, C.Carr, J.Kuznik, D.McA.McKirdy, M.E.Walker, A.McNab, U.Klein and G.B.Donaldson, "SQUID NDT: Recent refinements in theory and practice", British Conference on NDT, England (1995)
  8. A.Cochran, W.Galbraith and G.Hayward, "1-3 composite ultrasonic transducers for testing concrete", British Conference on NDT, Erskine, Scotland (1996)
  9. A.Cochran, P.Reynolds and G.Hayward, "Advances in Low Frequency Stacked Ultrasonic Transducers", Ultrasonics International 1997, Netherlands (1997)
  10. A.Cochran and G.Hayward, "Theoretical and practical study of multilayer piezocomposite transducers", US ONR Workshop on Ultrasonic Transducer Materials and Transducers, (1998)
  11. A.Cochran and G.Hayward, "Multilayer piezocomposite transducers for ultrasonic testing of concrete", British Conference on NDT, Newcastle, England (1998)
  12. A.Abrar, C.Nam and S.Cochran, "Fundamental behaviour and optimisation of multilayer piezoelectric structures with non-uniform layer thicknesses", Ferroelectrics UK 2002, Leeds, England (2002)
  13. C.K.Lee, F.Placido, S.Cochran and K.J.Kirk, "Perfect (002) orientated AlN thin films on glass substrates", Ferroelectrics UK 2002, Leeds, England (2002)
  14. C.K.Lee, F.Placido, S.Cochran and K.J.Kirk, "Influence on AlN growth of different sputtering conditions", Ferroelectrics UK 2003, Belfast, N.Ireland (2003)
  15. C.K.Lee, A.Abrar, S.Cochran and K.J.Kirk, "Characterization and modelling of AlN BAW resonators", Ferroelectrics UK 2003, Belfast, N.Ireland (2003)
  16. D.Zhang, B.Su, T.W.Button, A.Abrar and S.Cochran, "Fine scale lead zirconate titanate 1-3 composites for high frequency transducer application", Ferroelectrics UK 2003, Belfast, N.Ireland (2003)
  17. N.Schmarje, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran, "Manufacture and characterization of lithium niobate composites", Ferroelectrics UK 2003, Belfast, N.Ireland (2003)
  18. C.K.Lee, S.Cochran, A.Abrar, F.Placido and K.J.Kirk, "Performance of aluminum nitride films in the 15 – 35 MHz frequency range for ultrasonic applications", US Navy Workshop on Acoustic Transduction Materials and Devices, State College, PA, USA (2003)
  19. D.Choi, M.Walsh, J.Gill and S.Cochran, "A broadband 1-3 composite acoustic emission transducer", US Navy Workshop on Acoustic Transduction Materials and Devices, State College, PA, USA (2003)
  20. O.Byron, D.Choi, S.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, M.Lynch, A.Skea and M.P.Walsh "An 80 kHz piezocomposite transducer for enhanced antibiotic killing of bacteria", Ultrasonics International 2003, Granada, Spain (2003)
  21. P.Marin-Franch, S.Cochran and K.J.Kirk, "Progress towards ultrasound applications of new single-crystal materials", Annual Conf. of Brit. Assoc. Crystal Growth, Oxford, UK (2003)
  22. P.Marin-Franch, A.Abrar and S.Cochran, "Unusual resonant transducer performance from multilayer piezoelectric structures", The Eric Cross Symposium, Leeds, UK (2003)
  23. N. Schmarje, K. J. Kirk and S. Cochran, "Lithium niobate cement composites for high temperature applications", 16th World Conference on NDT, Montreal, Canada (2004)
  24. E.Asemota, S.Gallagher and S.Cochran, "Improving Signal-To-Noise Ratio Of Ultrasonic Data For Automatic Data Interpretation", 16th World Conference on NDT, Montreal, Canada (2004)
  25. S.Cochran, P.Marin-Franch, D.Choi and M.P.Walsh, "1-3 single crystal-polymer composite transducers for wideband ultrasonic NDT", 16th World Conference on NDT, Montreal, Canada (2004)
  26. K. J. Kirk, S. Cwikla, S. Cochran, "Mechanical excitations in magnetostrictive SAW-type devices", European Mag Sens and Act, Cardiff, UK (2004)
  27. P.Marin-Franch, S.Cochran and K.J.Kirk, "Study of 1-3 Single Crystal Composites for Piezoelectric Applications", Ferroelectrics UK 2004, Cranfield, UK (2004)
  28. J.McPhillips, N.J.Donnelly, J.M.Gregg, R.M.Bowman , G.McRobbie, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran "Assessment of materials and processes for resonant electromechanical devices", Ferroelectrics UK 2004, Cranfield, UK (2004)
  29. N.Schmarje, K.Kirk and S.Cochran, "Lithium niobate – epoxy composites for imaging applications", POLECER 2004, Courmayeur, Italy (2004)
  30. P.Marin-Franch, S.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, M.P.Walsh and D.Choi, "Realisation and assessment of 1-3 PMN-PT epoxy composites for ultrasonic applications" POLECER 2004, Courmayeur, Italy (2004)
  31. D.Zhang, A.Abrar, T.W.Button, K.J.Kirk, B.Su and S.Cochran, "A route to high frequency 1-3 connectivity piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite transducers", POLECER 2004, Courmayeur, Italy (2004)
  32. Z.Wu, A.Abrar and S.Cochran, "Optimisation And Implementation of Ultrasonic Transducer Structures with Multiple Layers Varying in Thickness", Anglo-French Physical Acoustics Conference, Kent, UK (2004)
  33. S.Cochran, N.Schmarje, K.J.Kirk and A.Abrar, "Lithium niobate as the active material in modern ultrasonic transducers and systems", Anglo-French Physical Acoustics Conference, Kent, UK (2004)
  34. D.Choi, M.Walsh, P.Marin-Franch, S.Cochran, D.Wright, R.Marsh and H.Braithwaite, "Commercial Sonar Single Crystal Composite Transducers", US Navy Workshop on Acoustic Transduction Materials and Devices, State College, PA, USA (2004)
  35. P.Marin-Franch, S.Cochran, D.Choi, K.J.Kirk and M.P.Walsh, "Performance Advantages of 1-3 Single Crystal Composites Over Conventional Piezocomposites", US Navy Workshop on Acoustic Transduction Materials and Devices, State College, PA, USA (2004)
  36. J.McPhillips, N.J.Donnelly, J.M.Gregg, R.M.Bowman, G.McRobbie, K.J. Kirk and S. Cochran "Assessment of Materials and Processes for Resonant Electromechanical Devices", 2004 Mat. Res. Soc. Fall Meeting, Boston, MA, USA (2004)
  37. S.Cochran, "Ultrasonic transducers" UK Inst. of Physics Phys. Acoustics Group Annual Meeting, London, UK (2004)
  38. I.Pettigrew, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran, "Fabrication and Characterisation of Variable Angle Ultrasonic Probe Made with Piezocomposite" Anglo-French Phys. Acoust. Conf. 2005, Le Havre, France (2005)
  39. Z. Wu, S. Cochran, E. M. Knox, G. McRobbie, S. Gallagher and K. J. Kirk "Bondline Testing for Multilayer Ultrasonic Transducers under High Power Operation" Anglo-French Phys. Acoust. Conf. 2005, Le Havre, France (2005)
  40. K.J.Kirk, P.Marin-Franch, N.Schmarje and S.Cochran "Development of piezocrystal composites for ultrasonics applications" Anglo-French Phys. Acoust. Conf. 2005, Le Havre, France (2005)
  41. P.Marin-Franch, M.Parker and S.Cochran, "Ultrawideband complex single crystal based transducers for ultrasonic applications" Ferroelectrics UK 2005, Paisley, UK (2005)
  42. M.F.Parker, P.Marin-Franch, S.Cochran, D.Choi and M.P.Walsh "Assessment, design and fabrication of piezocrystal based composites" Ferroelectrics UK 2005, Paisley, UK (2005)
  43. A.Abrar, C.K.Lee, D.Cornez, S.Cochran and K.J.Kirk "Resonant spectrum analysis of aluminium nitride thin film composite resonators" Ferroelectrics UK 2005, Paisley, UK (2005)
  44. S.Cochran and K.J.Kirk "Modelling of piezocomposites for ultrasonic arrays" Ferroelectrics UK 2005, Paisley, UK (2005)
  45. G.McRobbie, Z.Wu, S.Cochran and K.J.Kirk "Characterisation and modelling of the resonance modes of a square membrane" Ferroelectrics UK 2005, Paisley, UK (2005)
  46. T.W.Button, S.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, K.McDonald, C.Meggs, D.O’Donnell, D.Rodriguez-Sanmartin and B.Su, R.Webster and D.Zhang "Using ceramic manufacturing to aid realisation of high frequency ultrasonic transducers" Ferroelectrics UK 2005, Paisley, UK (2005)
  47. J.McPhillips, N.J.Donnelly, J.M.Gregg, R.M.Bowman, G.McRobbie and K.J.Kirk "Characterisation of materials and assessment of processes for resonant electromechanical device fabrication" Ferroelectrics UK 2005, Paisley, UK (2005)
  48. K.Streibel, D.O’Donnell, N.Schmarje, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran "Monolithic ultrasonic arrays made with different piezoceramic, crystal and piezocomposite materials" Ferroelectrics UK 2005, Paisley, UK (2005)
  49. G.A.Corner, L.Allan, M.Blair, S.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, C.Paterson, S.Rajagopal and A.J.Watson "The production and use of economical tissue mimicking ultrasound phantoms" UK IPEM Conf. on Phys. and Technol. of Med. Ultrasound, York, UK (2005)
  50. S.Cochran, T.W.Button, K.J.Kirk, K.McDonald, D. Rodriguez-Sanmartin, R.Webster and D.Zhang "Net-shape piezoceramic manufacturing for high frequency ultrasonic transducers" UK IPEM Annual Scientific Meeting, Glasgow, UK (2005)
  51. S.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, D.MacLennan, T.W.Button, C.Meggs, D.Rodriguez-Sanmartin, R.Webster and K.McDonald "Development of high frequency ultrasonic transducers" 2005 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Harrogate, UK (2005)
  52. B.W.Drinkwater, S.Cochran and K.J.Kirk "NDT in higher education" 2005 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Harrogate, UK (2005)
  53. I.G.Pettigrew, D.I.A.Lines, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran, "Investigating signal processing techniques using ultrasonic arrays" 2006 Anglo-French Physical Acoustics Conference, Le Havre, France (2006)
  54. S.Cochran, P.Marin-Franch, M.Parker, H.Mulvana and K.J.Kirk, "Ultrasonic transducers for high power applications", Ultrasound in the Processing of Industrial Soft Solids, Leeds, UK (2006)
  55. S.Cochran, D.Choi and K.J.Kirk, "Extending the application range of ultrasound" Ultrasound in the Processing of Industrial Soft Solids, Leeds, UK (2006)
  56. M.F.Parker, S.Cochran, M.P.Walsh, P.Marin-Franch, R.Wright and R.Marsh "The advantages of single crystal material for underwater imaging systems", Oceanology 2006, London, UK (2006)
  57. D.MacLennan, D.Zhang, S.Cochran, T.W.Button and K.J.Kirk, "Piezofibre-Polymer Composite Material for High Frequency Ultrasound" POLECER International Conference: Piezoceramics for End Users II, Lillehammer, Norway (2006)
  58. D.Cornez, S.Lapp, K.J.Kirk, S.Cochran, "Characterisation of Aluminium Nitride Thin Film Resonant Devices" POLECER International Conference: Piezoceramics for End Users II, Lillehammer, Norway (2006)
  59. J.McPhillips, T.B.Adams, J.M.Gregg, R.M.Bowman, D.Cornez, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran, "AlN composite resonator modelling using direct impedance measurements" Piezo Device Modelling Workshop, Birmingham, UK (2006)
  60. G.McRobbie, Z.Wu and S.Cochran, "Finite element analysis of bondlines for high power multilayer ultrasonic transducers" Piezo Device Modelling Workshop, Birmingham, UK (2006)
  61. P.Marin-Franch, G.McRobbie, M.P.Walsh and S.Cochran, "Assessment of ultrasonic transducer design tools for commercial device implementation" Piezo Device Modelling Workshop, Birmingham, UK (2006)
  62. D.Cornez, S.Lapp, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran, "Characterisation of aluminium nitride thin film resonators" Ferroelectrics UK 2006, Birmingham, UK (2006)
  63. R.A.Webster, D.Zhang, K.McDonald, S.Cochran and T.W.Button, "20 MHz ultrasonic transducers with fine scale 1-3 piezocomposite structures" Ferroelectrics UK 2006, Birmingham, UK (2006)
  64. D.MacLennan, S.Cochran, M.Ponting and J.Sweet, "Ultra precision grinding in high frequency piezocomposite ultrasonic transducer manufacture" Ferroelectrics UK 2006, Birmingham, UK (2006)
  65. D.MacLennan, D.Zhang, S.Cochran, K.J.Kirk and T.W.Button, "Piezofibre-polymer composite materials for ultrasonic transducers", Ferroelectrics UK 2006, Birmingham, UK (2006)
  66. M.F.Parker, P.Marin-Franch, S.Cochran and M.P.Walsh, "Practical effects of temperature on PMN-PT for commercial underwater sonar transducers", Ferroelectrics UK 2006, Birmingham, UK (2006)
  67. D.Zhang, L.J.Nelson, A.Dent, D.MacLennan, C.Meggs, G.Dolman, B.Su, S.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, C.R.Bowen and T.W.Button, "Fine scale lead zirconate titanate (PZT) fibres and composite structures" Ferroelectrics UK 2006, Birmingham, UK (2006)
  68. D.Cornez, S.Lapp, K.J.Kirk and S.Cochran, "Characterisation of aluminium nitride thin film composite resonators", Ferroelectrics UK 2006, Birmingham, UK (2006)
  69. D.Rodriguez-Sanmartin, K.McDonald, C.Meggs, S.Cochran and T.W.Button, "Fabrication and characterisation of high frequency ultrasound transducers" Ferroelectrics UK 2006, Birmingham, UK (2006)
  70. J.-F.Saillant, S.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, A.Abrar, S.Ballandras, R.Berriet, G.Fleury, P.Marin-Franch, Z.Wu "Frequency Shifting of Harmonics in Piezoelectric Multilayer Underwater Sonar Transducers", US ONR Workshop on Transducers and Transduction Materials, State College, PA, USA (2006)
  71. M.F.Parker, S.Cochran, P.Marin-Franch, M.P.Walsh, R.Wright, R.Marsh, H.Braithwaite, R.Sharphouse and M.Cardew "Temperature Effects in Single Crystal Materials for Sonar Transducers" US ONR Workshop on Transducers and Transduction Materials, State College, PA, USA (2006)
  72. H. Mulvana, S. Cochran, B. Spence, S. Solomonidis and A. Mariel "Non-contact focused acoustic radiation force technique for the biomechanical characterisation of an amputee’s residual limb", Tissue Elasticity 2006, Utah, USA (2006)
  73. H.Mulvana, M.Parker, J.-F.Saillant and S.Cochran, "Focused acoustic radiation devices for therapeutic ultrasound", Therapeutic Ultrasound Group meeting, London, UK (2006).
  74. (invited) S.Cochran, T.W.Button, A.L.Bernassau, T.Clipsham, C.E.M.Démoré, G.Dolman, J.Elgoyhen, H.Hughes, D.Hughes, D.MacLennan, C.Meggs, G.O'Hare, and R.A.Webster "A holistic approach to ultrahigh frequency ultrasonic arrays", 8th Annual Ultrasonic Transducer Conference, Los Angeles, USA (2007)
  75. C.E.M.Démoré, A.L.Bernasseau, D.MacLennan, T.W.Button and S.Cochran "Investigation of Element Cross Talk in Arrays using 1-3 Piezocomposite Substrates" , 8th Annual Ultrasonic Transducer Conference, Los Angeles, USA (2007)
  76. (invited) S.Cochran, M.F.Parker, P.Marin, M.P.Walsh, T.W.Button and H.Hughes, "Application- motivated adoption of new materials in piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers", PIEZO2007, Liberec, Czech Republic (2007)
  77. J.M.Girkin, S.Poland, D.Hughes, S.Cochran, J.Elgoyhen, C.Longbottom, T.W.Button, H.Hughes, C.Meggs, I.Young and D.Grinev, "NDT:- Novel Diagnostics for Teeth", 2007 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Glasgow, UK (2007)
  78. M.F.Wallace, S.Cochran, P.Marin, K.Mayne, M.P.Walsh, R.Wright and R.Marsh, "Improved transducer performance with new piezoelectric materials for NDT", 2007 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Glasgow, UK (2007)
  79. M.F.Wallace, P.Marin, H.Mulvana, M.P.Walsh, T.W.Button, H.Hughes, D.MacLennan and S.Cochran, "Applications of new piezoelectric materials for high performance ultrasonic NDT transducers", 2007 Brit. Conf. on NDT, Glasgow, UK (2007)
  80. M.F.Wallace, S.Cochran, P.Marin, K.Mayne, M.P.Walsh, R.Wright, R.Marsh, "Improved Piezocomposite Performance with New Piezocrystal Materials", Int. Symp. Piezocomposite Applications, Dresden, Germany (2007)
  81. S.Cochran, P.Marin, J.F.Saillant, M.F.Wallace and M.P.Walsh, "3-1 Connectivity Piezocomposites for Practical Multilayer Devices", Int. Symp. Piezocomposite Applications, Dresden, Germany (2007)
  82. S.Cochran, J.Bamber, A.Bernassau, N.Bush, T.W.Button, C.Démoré, L.Garcia-Gancedo, D.Hutson, D.MacLennan, P.Maher, C.Meggs and R.A.Webster, "Progress towards transducers and arrays for real-time high frequency biomedical ultrasound imaging", Acoustics 2008, Paris, France (2008)
  83. S.Cochran, C.Démoré, P.Marin, R.Marsh, K.Mayne, G.McRobbie, M.F.Wallace, M.P.Walsh and R.Wright, "Advanced application-motivated design techniques for high performance piezocomposite underwater sonar transducers and arrays", Acoustics 2008, Paris, France (2008) (invited)
  84. G.A.Corner, E.Kamara, S.Cochran, B.Hunter, M.Blair and D.I.A.Lines, "A novel dynamic test object to provide a quantifiable measure of image quality from ultrasound scanners", Brit. Med. Ultrasound Conf., Harrogate, UK (2007)
  85. C.E.M.Démoré, S.Cochran, A.L.Bernassau, D.Hutson, T.W.Button, L.Garcia-Gancedo, C.Meggs, R.W.Webster, P.Maher, J.C.Bamber, N.L.Bush, D.MacLennan, "Progress Towards Piezocomposite Transducers and Arrays for Real-time High Frequency Biomedical Ultrasound Imaging", US ONR Workshop on Transducers and Transduction Materials, State College, PA, USA (2008)
  86. S.Cochran, D.Cumming, C.E.M.Démoré, J.-F.Saillant, S.Triger and J.Wallace, "Ultrasonic Arrays in a Modular 2D System for NDT and Underwater SONAR", US ONR Workshop on Transducers and Transduction Materials, State College, PA, USA (2008)
  87. L.García-Gancedo, T.W.Button, D.Zhang, C.Meggs, P.Maher, C.E.M.Démoré and S.Cochran, "Application of gelcasting to the fabrication of fine scale piezocomposites" Electroceramics IX, Manchester, UK (2008)
  88. S.Cochran, "Future innnovation in ultrasound transducers for medical imaging and therapy", Brit. Med. Ultrasound Conf., Liverpool, UK (2008) (invited)
  89. Z.Qiu , S.Daglish, C.Xie, C.Robertson, Z.Y.Huang, G.A.Corner, S.Cochran, and T.Gourlay, "Application of a 6-axis Industrial Robot to Guidance of HIFU Treatment", Brit. Med. Ultrasound Conf., Liverpool, UK (2008)
  90. S.Cochran, "Future ultrasound clinical needs" Workshop on Autonomous Ultrasound Tool Sets for Health and Infrastructure, State College, PA, USA (2009) (invited)
  91. J.H.Sweet and S.Cochran, "Manufacturing considerations for 3D Piezo-on-Silicon wafer scale structures", Piezo2009 – Piezoelectrics for End Users IV, Zakopane, Poland (2009)
  92. D.MacLennan, T.W.Button, J.Elgoyhen, H.Hughes, C.Meggs, D.Zhang, S.Cochran, C.E.M.Démoré, G.A.Corner, "Material Properties of Piezocomposites made with Viscous Polymer Processing for High Frequency Medical Ultrasound Transducers", Piezo2009 – Piezoelectrics for End Users IV, Zakopane, Poland (2009)
  93. S.Trolier-McKinstry, K.Choi, T.N.Jackson, R.L.Tutweiler, S.Cochran, C.E.M.Démoré, D.R.S.Cumming, S.Triger, J.-F.Saillant, "Piezoelectric Materials and Structures for Ultrasonic Arrays with Low Voltage Excitation" Piezo2009 – Piezoelectrics for End Users IV, Zakopane, Poland (2009)
  94. A.L.Bernassau, T.W.Button, S.Cochran, C.E.M.Démoré, L.Garcia-Gancedo, D.Hutson, J..McAneny and C.Meggs, "Piezoelectric Ceramic – Polymer Composite Materials and Processing for 100 MHz Arrays for Ultrahigh Resolution Real-time Biomedical Imaging", EuroMat 2009, Glasgow, Sep. 2009.
  95. G.A.Corner, S.Daglish, Z.Qiu, J.Gao, G.Brodie, S.Cochran, A.Melzer, K.Mayne, Z.Huang and T.Gourlay, "Characterisation and Application of a Custom-made HIFU transducer for Robotic Manipulation", Int. Symp. Therapeutic Ultrasound 2009, Aix-en-Provence, France, Sep. 2009.
  96. S.Cochran, A.L.Bernassau, C.E.M.Démoré, J.C.Bamber, N.Bush, T.W.Button, F.Dauchy, L.Garcia-Gancego, C.Meggs, M.P.Y.Desmulliez, D.Flynn, and J.H.G.Ng, "A Mask Based Ultrasound Array Design and Fabrication Process", US ONR Workshop on Transducers and Transduction Materials, State College, PA, USA (2010)
  97. B.Gerold, S.Reynolds, A.Melzer and S.Cochran, "Early Exploration of MRI-compatible Diagnostic Ultrasound Transducers", US ONR Workshop on Transducers and Transduction Materials, State College, PA, USA (2010)
  98. M.F.Wallace, S.Cochran, M.R.Sadiq, Z.Qiu, P.Marin and K.Mayne, "Temperature-dependent Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Characterisation of Practical Piezocrystal Configurations", US ONR Workshop on Transducers and Transduction Materials, State College, PA, USA (2010)
  99. M.F.Wallace, P.Marin, K.Mayne and S.Cochran, "Characterisation of piezocrystals in practical configurations with temperature-dependent electrical impedance spectroscopy", presented at IEEE Int. Symp. on Applications of Ferroelectrics, Edinburgh, UK (2010)
  100. S.Guo, R.Eisma, A.Schwab, R.Soames, G.A.Corner, S.Cochran and G.A.McLeod, ''A systematic study in Thiel cadavers of the visibility of echogenic needles for regional anaesthesia'', presented at 22nd Int. Conf. Soc. Med. Innovation and Technol., Trondheim, Norway (2010)
  101. C.E.M.Démoré, R.Ssekitoleko, T.W.Button and S.Cochran "Progress in high resolution ultrasound towards in vivo pathology" , presented at 22nd Int. Conf. Soc. Med. Innovation and Technol., Trondheim, Norway (2010)
  102. G.A.Corner, F.Riedel, A.Valente and S.Cochran, "An automated dynamic phantom to produce figure of merit for the image quality of medical ultrasound imaging systems", presented at 22nd Int. Conf. Soc. Med. Innovation and Technol., Trondheim, Norway (2010)
  103. M. Sadiq, S. Zhang, Z. Huang, S.Cochran, G.A Corner, "Advances in ultrasonic cutting to reduce unwanted thermal effects" , presented at 22nd Int. Conf. Soc. Med. Innovation and Technol., Trondheim, Norway (2010)
  104. J.Gao, Z.Huang, S.Cochran, G.A.Corner and C.E.M.Démoré, "Exploration of thermal issues in treatment planning for focused ultrasound surgery" , presented at 22nd Int. Conf. Soc. Med. Innovation and Technol., Trondheim, Norway (2010)
  105. D. Gourevich, F.D.Arditti, A.Volovick, J.M.Gnaim, A.Melzer and S.Cochran, "The Nanoporation project: A potential new application of Magnetic Resonance Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS)", presented at 22nd Int. Conf. Soc. Med. Innovation and Technol., Trondheim, Norway (2010)
Patents
  1. A.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, P.Marin-Franch and A.Abrar, "Ultrawideband ultrasonic transducer", WO 2006/061647, 2006
  2. M.J.Watson, G.A.Corner, K.J.Kirk, A.Cochran, D.I.A.Lines and S.Rajagopal, "Ultrasound waveguide", WO 2005/122903, 2005
  3. M.J.Watson, G.A.Corner, K.J.Kirk and A.Cochran, "Improved needle", WO 2006/046029, 2006
  4. A.Cochran, K.J.Kirk, F.Placido and C.K.Lee, "Ultrasound transducers", WO 2006/003398, 2006
  5. M.Strachan, K.J.Kirk, A.Cochran, "Extension sensing actuator", WO 2008/145983, 2008
  6. C.E.M.Démoré, A.Cochran, T.W.Button, L.Garcia-Gancedo and J.C.Bamber "Ultrasound transducer array"
  7. B.Drinkwater, A.Cochran, M.Hill and D.R.S.Cumming, "Method and apparatus for the manipulation of objects using ultrasound"
  8. A.L.Bernassau, A.Cochran, M.Desmulliez and D.Flynn, "Wire bond free interconnection for high frequency piezoelectric ultrasound arrays above 50 MHz"
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Institute for Medical Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Wilson House, 1 Wurzburg Loan, Dundee Medipark,
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